Chapter 1
Introduction to Using Computers
CHAPTER
1 OBJECTIVES
b Explain why it is important to be computer literate
b Define the term computer
b Identify the components of a computer
b Explain why a computer is a powerful tool
b Differentiate among the various categories of software
b Explain the purpose of a network
b Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web
b Describe the categories of computers and their uses
COMPUTER
LITERACY
b Computer literacy
•
Knowing how to use
a computer
WHAT IS A COMPUTER AND
WHAT DOES IT DO?
An electronic
machine, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory,
that can accept data (input), manipulate data according to specified rules
(process), produce results (output), and store the results for future use.
THE COMPONENTS OF A
COMPUTER
b Input Devices
b Output Devices
b System Unit
b Storage Devices
b Communications Devices
The Heart of the
Computer
b CPU - Central Processing Unit
b Memory - Can rearrange/combine data
Computer Storage
b Primary Storage -- Memory
b Secondary Storage -- Floppy Disk, Hard Drive, CD
Organizing Data &
Programs
b Systematic Organization
• Documents
• Folders
• Fields
• Records
• Files
• Databases
Hardware vs. Software
b Hardware
• CPU, System Unit
• Peripheral Devices (Printer,
Scanner, etc.)
b Software
• Applications, Productivity Software
• Systems Software
WHY IS A COMPUTER SO
POWERFUL?
b Speed
b Reliability
b Accuracy
b Storage
b Communications
b Use of Computers Animation
COMPUTER SOFTWARE
b Computer programs
•
A series of
instructions that tells the hardware of a computer how to perform tasks
•
Installing
programs
•
Running programs
b System Software
•
Operating system
•
Utility programs
•
User interface
– Graphical user interface (GUI)
–
Microsoft Windows
b Application Software
•
Packaged software
•
Custom software
•
Shareware
•
Freeware and
public-domain software
b Software Development
•
Computer
programmers
•
Systems analyst
•
Programming
language
NETWORKS AND THE
INTERNET
b Network
•
Sharing resources
•
Local area network
- LAN
•
Wide area network
b Internet
•
E-mail
•
Information
•
Shopping
•
Meeting
people
•
Entertainment
•
Web
page
•
Web
site
•
Web
browser
CATEGORIES OF
COMPUTERS
b Personal computers
b Minicomputers
b Mainframe computers
b Supercomputers
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
b Can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage
activities by itself
b Desktop Computers
•
Tower model
•
All-in-one
computer
•
Workstation
•
Stand-alone
•
Server
•
Network computers
and Web appliances
b Portable Computers
•
Laptop computers
•
Handheld computers
– Pen computers
– Office on your arm video
MINICOMPUTERS
b Support up to 4,000 users
b Often connected via a terminal
MAINFRAME COMPUTERS
b Large, expensive, very powerful computer that can handle
hundreds or thousands of connected users
SUPERCOMPUTERS
b Fastest, most powerful computer
b Able to process more than 64 billion instructions per second
EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER
USAGE
b Variety of users and uses
b Home User
•
Home software
•
Software for
children
•
Home use of the
web
•
Computer family
video
b Small Business User
•
Desktop users
•
Productivity
software
•
Specialized
software
•
Web usage
•
Small business web
sites
b Mobile User
•
Many types of
mobile users
•
Presentations
•
Docking station
b Large Business User
•
Order entry
•
PDAs for
organization
•
Large business web
site
•
Kiosk
b Power User
•
Engineers,
architects, desktop publishers, graphic artists
•
Specialized
software
COMPUTER USERS AS
INFORMATION PROVIDERS
b Web page authoring
b Photo communities
b Electronic storefronts
b Chat
SUMMARY OF
INTRODUCTION TO USING COMPUTERS
b What a computer does
b The components of a computer
b Why is a computer so powerful?
b Computer software
b Networks and the Internet
b Categories of computers
TECHNOLOGY TRAILBLAZER
b Bill Gates
•
Co-founder of
Microsoft
•
Wealthiest person
in America
•
Consistently
anticipates technological developments and customer needs
COMPANY ON THE CUTTING
EDGE
b Microsoft
•
Founded in 1975 by
Bill Gates and Paul Allen
•
MS-DOS
•
Windows
•
Most capitalized
company in the world
Chapter 1 Complete